Conference Marking a Decade of the Berlin Process Held at the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Conference Marking a Decade of the Berlin Process Held at the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina

On 12.12.2024, the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina in cooperation with Network of Progressive Initiatives hosted a conference titled “A Decade of the Berlin Process: Lessons Learned and the Road Ahead,” bringing together parliamentarians from the Western Balkans, representatives of international organizations, and key stakeholders involved in regional cooperation.

In his opening remarks, Member of Parliament Jasmin Emrić highlighted the Berlin Process as a cornerstone for strengthening stability and collaboration across the region:
“This conference reaffirms that neither dialogue nor the European path has an alternative for us. We must seize this opportunity to further enhance regional cooperation and ensure that our countries become part of the single European market.”

Fellow Member of Parliament Šemsudin Mehmedović emphasized the critical role of parliamentarians in shaping regional policies:
“It is our responsibility to promote democratic values and ensure transparent dialogue. This event provides a platform to reaffirm our commitment to regional cooperation and chart steps forward for advancing the Berlin Process.”

Adding to the opening remarks, Ms. Anida Šabanović, Program Manager at the Network of Progressive Initiatives BiH, reflected on the broader significance of regional parliamentary cooperation:
“Together, we have strived to elevate the role of parliamentary diplomacy as a key tool in building trust, fostering dialogue, and aligning our efforts toward shared goals.”

Panel Discussions on Progress and Future Priorities

Morning Session: “International Perspectives: Berlin Process Progress and Future Goals”

Key speakers included:

  • Ms. Danijela Gačević, Acting Director of the CEFTA Secretariat, who emphasized the progress made under the Common Regional Market and outlined goals for enhanced trade and mobility integration.
  • Mr. Amer Kapetanović, designated Secretary General of the Regional Cooperation Council (RCC), who reflected on fostering trust among regional actors and advancing the Green Agenda.
  • Mr. Stefano Ellero, Head of Cooperation at the Delegation of the EU to Bosnia and Herzegovina, who stressed the EU’s commitment to supporting regional development.

Moderated by Ms. Hata Kujraković, this session tackled major achievements and persistent challenges.

Conclusions from the First Panel:

  1. The Common Regional Market (CRM) has been instrumental in strengthening trade and economic cooperation in the Western Balkans. However, reducing non-tariff barriers and improving policy alignment remain priorities.
  2. The Green Agenda for the Western Balkans is a vital step towards climate-neutrality by 2050, but its implementation requires overcoming political fragmentation, limited resources, and insufficient investments in climate resilience.
  3. Enhanced collaboration with the EU, particularly through targeted funding and policy support, is essential to address integration disparities and ensure the full implementation of regional commitments like the CRM and Green Agenda.
  4. The RCC and CEFTA Secretariat emphasized the importance of maintaining momentum by focusing on inclusive policies that support both governments and local communities.

Afternoon Session: “Western Balkans at a Decade of the Berlin Process: Lessons Learned and Next Steps”

Parliamentarians from the Western Balkans discussed legislative reforms, trust-building initiatives, and the alignment of national priorities with EU standards. Speakers included:

  • Mr. Kreshnik Çollaku, Member of Parliament, Albania
  • Ms. Ermina Salkičević-Dizdarević, Member of Parliament, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Mr. Jovan Subotić, Member of Parliament, Montenegro
  • Mr. Agon Batusha, Member of Parliament, Kosovo

This session was moderated by Ms. Juljana Bilbilaj, Project Manager at the Institute for Political Studies.

Conclusions from the Second Panel:

  1. Economic Integration: Panelists highlighted the critical importance of regional economic integration to enhance access to both regional and EU markets.
  2. SEPA System Access: Ms. Ermina Salkičević-Dizdarević emphasized the benefits of joining the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA), which could reduce transaction costs for businesses and individuals, including the Bosnian diaspora, by up to six times. SEPA would also strengthen oversight in areas such as anti-money laundering, cash flow management, and tax evasion prevention.
  3. Environmental Competitiveness: Addressing the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) was identified as a pressing issue.
  4. Broad Benefits for Citizens: Discussions underscored that regional cooperation under the Berlin Process offers tangible benefits for citizens, from economic growth to better governance and increased mobility.

Conference Organizers and Goals

The event was organized by the Network of Progressive Initiatives in cooperation with the Institute for Democracy “Societas Civilis” and regional partners. It is part of the project “Parliamentary Diplomacy: Regional Cooperation Through Enhanced Parliamentary Dialogue,” funded by the German Federal Foreign Office.

Concluding the conference, organizers and participants expressed their hope that the outcomes would serve as a foundation for concrete steps to advance regional cooperation and the integration of the Western Balkans into the European Union.

Predstavljen izvještaj Parlamentarna diplomatija – regionalna saradnja kroz unapređeni parlamentarni dijalog na tematskoj sjednici Zajedničke komisije za ekonomske reforme i razvoj o temi „Integracija Bosne i Hercegovine u unutrašnje, regionalno i tržište EU s posebnim osvrtom na Berlinski proces“

Predstavljen izvještaj Parlamentarna diplomatija – regionalna saradnja kroz unapređeni parlamentarni dijalog na tematskoj sjednici Zajedničke komisije za ekonomske reforme i razvoj o temi „Integracija Bosne i Hercegovine u unutrašnje, regionalno i tržište EU s posebnim osvrtom na Berlinski proces“

U Parlamentarnoj skupštini Bosne i Hercegovine (PSBiH) 29.10.2024. je održana tematska sjednica pod nazivom „Integracija Bosne i Hercegovine u unutrašnje, regionalno i tržište Evropske unije (EU) s posebnim osvrtom na Berlinski proces“, koju je organizirala Zajednička komisija za ekonomske reforme i razvoj PSBiH.

Uvodno izlaganje pred prisutnim članovima Zajedničke komisije, predstavnicima Vanjskotrgovinske komore BiH, te predstavnicima akademske zajednice i nevladinog sektora, podnio je novoimenovani generalni sekretar Regionalnog centra za saradnju (RCC) sa sjedištem u Sarajevu Amer Kapetanović, koji je govorio o značaju Berlinskog procesa i drugih regionalnih inicijativa, kao i Plana rasta i razvoja zemalja Zapadnog Balkana, kojeg je, s ciljem privrednog razvoja regije i uključivanja u evropsko tržište, uspostavila i promovirala EU.

Govoreći o rezultatima Berlinskog procesa, kao jedne od najvažnijih regionalnih inicijativa, Kapetanović je kao prvi važan korak spomenuo usvajanje Akcionog plana za uspostavljanje Zajedničkog regionalnog tržišta na Zapadnom Balkanu, koji je uključivao slobodu kretanja ljudi, a ne samo roba, kapitala i usluga, kao i stvaranje jedinstvenog digitalnog tržišta i zelenu tranziciju.

Kao konkretne koristi Berlinskog procesa, Kapetanović je naveo potpisivanje pet regionalnih sporazuma – sporazum o priznavanju profesionalnih kvalifikacija doktora medicine, zubara i arhitekata, profesionalnih kvalifikacija medicinskih sestara, veterinarskih hirurga, farmaceuta i babica, sporazum o priznanju visokoškolskih kvalifikacija za državne fakultete, sporazum o putovanju sa ličnim kartama i sporazum o pristupu studiranju.

Kapetanović je govorio i o RCC-u kao krovnoj regionalnoj organizaciji, koja koordinira sve druge regionalne organizacije uključene u Berlinski proces.

Upoznao je učesnike tematske sjednice i sa novom stategijom i novim pristupom EU kroz Plan rasta za Zapadni Balkan, koji, kako je naveo, ima tri strateška cilja – da značajno poveća ekonomski potencijal i tako smanji ogromnu razliku sa EU; da potakne zemlje Zapadnog Balkana da brže usvajaju reforme iz pravne stečevine EU i da se proces pridruživanja ubrza u datom geopolitičkom konktekstu.

Kao prioritetne oblasti Plana rasta Kapetanović je naveo slobodu kretanja roba, slobodu kretanja usluga i radne snage, pristup jedinstvenom sistemu plaćanja, poboljšanje putnog transporta, dekarbonizaciju energetskog tržišta, stvaranje jedinstvenog digitalnog prostora i integraciju industrijskog lanca nabavke.

Kad je o Bosni i Hercegovini riječ, Kapetanović je rekao da plan prioritetnih reformi koje treba realizirati u okviru Plana rasta podrazumijeva digitalizaciju koja bi omogućila jedinstveno unutrašnje tržište i efikasne javne usluge, razvoj privatnog sektora i poslovnog okruženja, energetski sektor i zelenu tranziciju, razvoj i očuvanje ljudskog kapitala i osnovne reforme, uključujući vladavinu prava.

Na sastanku je predsjedavajuća Zajedničke komisje za ekonomske reforme i razvoj PSBIH Ermina Salkičević – Dizdarević predstavila i izvještaj Parlamentarna diplomatija – regionalna saradnja kroz unapređeni parlamentarni dijalog, koji se može pronaći ovdje, te je isti dostavljen učesnicima tematske sjednice.

Zahvaljujući se Kapetanoviću na učešću na tematskoj sjednici i sadržajnom i korisnom uvodnom izlaganju, predsjedavajuća Zajedničke komisija za ekonomske reforme i razvoj PSBiH Ermina Salkičević – Dizdarević upozorila je na činjenicu da u Bosni i Hercegovini nema jedinstvenog ekonomskog prostora i apelirala na članove Zajedničke komisije i učesnike temetske sjednice da ulože zajednički napor s ciljem jačanja unutrašnjeg tržišta, te postizanja dogovora oko reformske agende koja prati Plan rasta, koji, kako je rečeno, predstavlja most od regionalnog ka unutrašnjem tržištu EU.


				
					
The Comparative Analysis of Youth Policies in the Western Balkans (WB)

The Comparative Analysis of Youth Policies in the Western Balkans (WB)

Regional Youth Dialogue for Europe (RYDE) project

The Comparative Analysis of Youth Policies in the Western Balkans aims to provide a comprehensive review of youth-related public policy documents from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo*, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia such as strategies, action plans, and laws.

The Analysis is focused on three key areas identified as particularly relevant to youth in the WB context:

Socio-economic field: employment, education, and sexual and reproductive health of youth

Youth participation: civic and political engagement, social inclusion, and the involvement of youth in decision-making processes

Media, culture and the digital world: youth media and digital literacy, critical thinking, youth participation in creating inclusive cultural policies

By integrating youth perspectives into all stages of policy development and implementation, the Analysis aims to ensure that youth voices are not just heard but are central to shaping the future of the region. This document formulated actionable recommendations intended for discussion among policy makers, CSOs, national youth councils, youth organizations, political party youth forums, and experts during the policy lab dialogue sessions. The policy labs aim to improve the dialogue between young people and representatives of institutions, contribute to strengthening the engagement of young people in political, social, and economic processes and cultural life, and jointly discuss the recommendations for improving public policies relevant to young people in the region.

We have to join our efforts and try to find a solution to motivate young people to participate in political and social processes and to improve the framework that enables them to do so!

The analysis can be found here

The summary in English can be found here

The summary in Serbian can be found here

The Comparative Analysis of Youth Policies in the Western Balkans was conducted within the framework of the Regional Youth Dialogue for Europe (RYDE) project funded by the European Union and led by the Center for Democracy Foundation from Serbia, in collaboration with partnering civil society organizations from across the Western Balkans: the Academy of European Integrations and Negotiations (Albania), Youth Act Center (Albania), Kosovar Stability Initiative (Kosovo*1), Network of Progressive Initiatives (Bosnia and Herzegovina), NGO Info Center Foundation (North Macedonia), and the Regional Academy for Democratic Development (Serbia).

Call for a Regional Internship Program is open! 

Call for a Regional Internship Program is open! 

We are pleased to announce a great opportunity for 5 young people from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo*, North Macedonia and Serbia to attend a paid internship in civil society organizations from Western Balkans. 

If you are a young person who wish to gain firsthand experience in civil society in Belgrade, Pristina, Tirana or Skopje in a period of two months, learn about European integration, contribute to youth participation and structured dialogue and connect with young people from the region, apply for internship at this link.

Deadline for submitting applications is 29 October 2024. 

More information about the Call and who can apply can be found here

Countering Attempts to Retraditionalize Gender Roles in Western Balkan Societies

Countering Attempts to Retraditionalize Gender Roles in Western Balkan Societies

Project: Regional Youth Dialogue for Europe (RYDE)

The Western Balkans, a region known for its complex socio-political history, is currently navigating a crucial period of transformation as it moves towards greater European integration. However, amidst the modernization processes, there are significant attempts to retraditionalize gender roles. These efforts often stem from conservative and nationalist movements that advocate for a return to patriarchal norms. In this blog, the dynamics of this retraditionalization trend is explored across the six Western Balkan countries—Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia—and the importance of countering these attempts to ensure continued progress on gender equality is discussed.

The Rise of Retraditionalization in the Western Balkans

In many parts of the Western Balkans, efforts to retraditionalize gender roles are gaining traction. These efforts are often driven by political and religious leaders who promote traditional gender norms as part of national identity and cultural heritage. Such norms typically emphasize women’s roles as caregivers, mothers, and homemakers, relegating them to the private sphere while men dominate the public space as breadwinners and leaders.

The push towards retraditionalization in the region is closely linked to broader political movements that focus on nationalism, religion, and conservative values. This trend can be seen as a reaction to the liberalization and democratization processes that have taken place in the post-socialist era, as well as the region’s aspirations for EU membership, which often require the adoption of more progressive gender policies.

Despite differences in the specific political and cultural contexts of the six countries, common themes emerge when examining the retraditionalization of gender roles across the Western Balkans.

Albania: Balancing Tradition and Modernity

Albania has made notable strides in promoting gender equality, particularly through the adoption of laws and policiesaligned with EU standards. The country has implemented legal frameworks addressing domestic violence, women’s participation in politics, and gender-based discrimination. However, retraditionalization pressures persist, particularly in rural areas where patriarchal norms remain deeply entrenched.

A significant challenge in Albania is the role of traditional family structures, where women are expected to prioritize their roles as wives and mothers. This cultural expectation is reinforced by conservative religious leaders who advocate for a return to “family values.” Moreover, Albania’s growing influence of religious groups, particularly after the fall of communism, has created tension between gender equality and traditional beliefs.

To counter these pressures, the Albanian government and civil society must continue to emphasize the importance of gender equality in both urban and rural areas, ensuring that women have access to education, employment, and decision-making roles.

Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Legacy of War and Patriarchy

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the post-war period has seen a resurgence of traditional gender roles, particularly within nationalist discourses. The country’s complex ethno-political landscape has fostered a culture of conservatism that prioritizes patriarchal values, often using religion and tradition to justify women’s subordination.

The legacy of the 1990s war continues to shape gender roles in Bosnia. During the war, women were largely seen as victims or caretakers, and post-war reconstruction efforts did little to challenge these perceptions. As a result, there is significant pressure on women to conform to traditional roles, particularly within conservative, nationalist communities.

Efforts to counter retraditionalization in Bosnia have been led by civil society organizations, many of which focus on empowering women and promoting gender equality. These organizations work to challenge patriarchal norms by advocating for women’s rights in politics, the economy, and social life. However, the political stalemate in the country often hinders the implementation of more progressive gender policies.

Kosovo: A Struggle for Gender Equality Amidst Conservatism

Kosovo, the youngest country in the Western Balkans, has made significant progress in promoting women’s rights and gender equality. The country has enacted laws to prevent gender-based violence and promote women’s participation in public life. However, Kosovo faces considerable retraditionalization pressures, particularly from conservative religious groups.

The influence of religion, particularly Islam, has grown in Kosovo since the country gained independence in 2008. Conservative religious leaders often promote traditional gender roles, emphasizing women’s responsibilities within the home and family. This retraditionalization trend is especially pronounced in rural areas, where access to education and employment opportunities for women remains limited.

To counter these pressures, the Kosovar government and international organizations must continue to support women’s empowerment initiatives and ensure that gender equality is prioritized in both policy and practice.

Montenegro: A Conservative Backlash

Montenegro is witnessing a conservative backlash against gender equality efforts, with attempts to retraditionalize gender roles becoming more visible in recent years. Although the country has implemented progressive gender policies, these efforts have been met with resistance from conservative groups.

In Montenegro, traditional gender roles are often promoted as part of the country’s cultural and national identity. Conservative politicians and religious leaders have criticized gender equality initiatives, arguing that they undermine traditional family structures. This backlash is particularly evident in the country’s media, where women are often portrayed in stereotypical gender roles or through their gender.

Civil society organizations in Montenegro play a crucial role in countering this conservative backlash. These organizations work to challenge patriarchal norms by advocating for women’s rights and promoting gender equality in both public and private spheres.

North Macedonia: Progressive Policies vs. Traditional Norms

North Macedonia has made significant progress in promoting gender equality, particularly through its legal framework. However, like other countries in the region, North Macedonia faces challenges in countering attempts to retraditionalize gender roles.

In rural areas of North Macedonia, traditional gender roles remain deeply ingrained, with women expected to prioritize their responsibilities within the family over their careers or public life. Gender roles contribute to occupational segregation in rural areas, where women often work longer hours than men, with a significant portion of their labor being unpaid. Additionally, women face a substantial gender gap in property ownership and decision-making, with only 28% owning property and less than 10% taking leadership roles in land-related decisions, further exacerbating their economic vulnerability.

Despite these challenges, North Macedonia’s civil society organizations (CSOs) have played a crucial role in promoting gender equality and advancing women’s rights, achieving significant progress, especially in areas like women’s political empowerment and the empowerment of rural women. Women’s organizations have been key in advocating for critical legal reforms, such as amendments to the Electoral Code and the ratification of the Istanbul Convention, while approximately 40% of CSO networks in North Macedonia address gender equality either directly or as part of broader efforts in democracy, rule of law, and social protection.

Serbia: A Battleground for Gender Equality

Serbia has long been a battleground for gender equality, with progressive forces advocating for women’s rights and conservative groups pushing for a return to traditional gender roles. In recent years, Serbia has seen a rise in nationalist and conservative movements that promote patriarchal values, often using religion and traditional family structures to justify women’s subordination.

The Serbian Orthodox Church plays a significant role in promoting traditional gender roles, particularly through its influence on political and social life. Conservative politicians have also embraced these views, framing gender equality initiatives as a threat to traditional family values and national identity.

To counter these conservative forces, women’s rights organizations in Serbia have been at the forefront of promoting gender equality. However, the political environment and funding limitations in Serbia have strained women’s civil society networks, with government attitudes leading to decreased funding for women’s CSOs since 2010. As a result, new government-affiliated organizations with no prior expertise have been funded to fill the service delivery gap, bypassing established criteria for funding allocation. In addition, the rise of nationalist and conservative rhetoric in the country continues to pose a significant challenge.

Commonalities and Differences Across the Region

In the Western Balkans, conservative political and religious leaders in some countries promote traditional gender roles, either directly or indirectly, as part of national identity and cultural heritage. While this is more pronounced in certain contexts, such as during nationalist political campaigns or religious sermons, it does not occur uniformly across all countries or settings. In some instances, traditional gender roles are emphasized, while in others, there may be more progressive approaches or a blend of both, depending on the political and cultural dynamics at play.

In countries like Albania and Kosovo, religious conservatism plays a more prominent role in promoting traditional gender norms, while in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, nationalist discourses are more influential. In Montenegro and North Macedonia, the backlash against gender equality is closely linked to cultural and national identity, with traditional family values being promoted as part of the country’s heritage. 

Building a Progressive Future: Strategies to Overcome Gender Retraditionalization in the Western Balkans

Countering retraditionalization in the Western Balkans requires a comprehensive approach that tackles both the cultural and structural foundations of this trend. Strengthening legal frameworks that promote gender equality and effectively addressing violations like gender-based violence are critical steps. Support for women’s rights organizations and civil society groups is equally important, as these organizations are at the forefront of challenging patriarchal norms. Governments and international bodies must prioritize funding and capacity-building initiatives for these groups to ensure sustained progress.

Additionally, education and public awareness campaigns are vital in changing societal attitudes towards gender roles, especially in schools and universities. Engaging with conservative religious and political leaders can foster dialogue on promoting gender equality within traditional frameworks, while regional cooperation allows Western Balkan countries to share strategies and best practices. Through these efforts, the region can resist retraditionalization and continue advancing towards a more inclusive, gender-equal society as part of its European integration goals.

Author: Daniel Lazarević, NGO representative

* The production of this blog was financed by the European Union. Its content is the sole responsibility of the Network of Progressive Initiative and does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.

Importance of using gender-sensitive language in public space in the Western Balkans

Importance of using gender-sensitive language in public space in the Western Balkans

Project: Regional Youth Dialogue for Europe (RYDE)

Gender-sensitive language has increasingly become a central issue in contemporary discourse, not just as a matter of inclusivity but also as a reflection of societal norms and values. In the Western Balkans, the need for gender-sensitive language in public spaces is particularly important as the region seeks closer integration with the European Union (EU). The Western Balkans, comprising Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia, have made some progress in addressing gender equality, with comprehensive anti-discrimination and violence prevention laws and the adoption of key international standards for the protection of women’s rights. However, language use in public discourse often reflects deep-seated gender biases, which can undermine these efforts. This blog explores the significance of gender-sensitive language in public spaces, reviews the legislative trends across the six Western Balkan countries, and highlights how these nations can align with EU standards on their European integration journey.

Understanding Gender-Sensitive Language

Gender-sensitive language refers to the conscious use of terms that do not discriminate based on gender and that promote equality and inclusivity. It avoids the default use of masculine forms when referring to mixed-gender groups or individuals whose gender is unknown. Instead, it emphasizes the equal visibility of men and women, as well as other gender identities, in both spoken and written communication.

In public spaces, the use of gender-sensitive language is crucial because language shapes perceptions, behaviors, and attitudes. When language consistently reinforces traditional gender roles, it can perpetuate stereotypes and hinder efforts toward achieving gender equality. Conversely, gender-inclusive language promotes equality by recognizing and giving visibility to all gender identities.

Legislative Frameworks in the Western Balkans

Across the Western Balkans, progress toward gender-sensitive language in public discourse has been inconsistent. However, there have been legislative efforts to promote gender equality, including the use of non-discriminatory language. Below is an overview of the current legal landscape across the six countries:

The Albanian constitution guarantees gender equality, and the Law on Gender Equality in Society (2008) seeks to promote equal opportunities for men and women. Although the law does not specifically mandate gender-sensitive language in public administration, recent efforts by the Albanian government have aimed at introducing gender-inclusive terminology in legislation.

The legal basis for the use of gender-sensitive language in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be found in the Gender Equality Law  (2010) and the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination (2009). In addition to the legal regulations addressing gender discrimination in language in Bosnia and Herzegovina, there are numerous publications and guides on using gender-sensitive language in both official and unofficial communication, such as The Use of Gender-Sensitive Language in the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, the implementation of the legislation has been uneven across different sectors. While certain institutions, such as the Gender Equality Agency, advocate for the use of inclusive language, public discourse and media representations often lag behind.

Kosovo’s Law on Gender Equality (2015) while comprehensive in addressing gender equality across various sectors, does not explicitly mandate the use of gender-sensitive language in its provisions. As GIZ noted, traditional gender roles and patriarchal language are still common in Kosovo and often go unnoticed, highlighting the need for ongoing awareness efforts.

Gender-sensitive language is said to be both justified and legally grounded in Montenegro’s Constitution, as well as through legislation such as the Gender Equality Law and the Anti-Discrimination Law and there are some measures aimed at promoting non-discriminatory language. For instance, authorities must use gender-sensitive language in job titles, professions, and functions, reflecting the natural gender (male or female) in employment contracts, appointments, academic ranks, and other official documents and records. Still, there is a lack of widespread awareness, and gender-insensitive language continues to be prevalent in public spaces, especially in the media.

Although North Macedonia has made significant strides in promoting gender equality, its legislation, including the Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men (2012), does not specifically mandate the use of gender-sensitive language. While the law focuses on ensuring equal opportunities for women and men in public and private sectors, the absence of explicit provisions for gender-sensitive language remains a gap. Recent discussions on gender-sensitive language in Macedonia have highlighted the need to overcome patriarchal norms, but a study of 500 job advertisements shows that most still use the generic masculine form, contributing to women’s invisibility, although there is growing awareness of gender-neutral language in some cases.

Serbia has made substantial progress in adopting gender-sensitive language, particularly in legislative texts and public institutions. The Gender Equality Law (2021) explicitly mandates the use of gender-inclusive language in official documents. Despite this, societal resistance and traditional gender roles continue to influence the broader public discourse. The Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC) organized a conferenceon “Serbian Identity, Serbian Language, and the Gender Equality Law,” where it concluded that gender-sensitive language, based on “gender ideology,” is incompatible with the standard Serbian language and unacceptable to the SPC.

Challenges and Cultural Resistance

Despite legislative frameworks, the broader societal acceptance of gender-sensitive language remains a significant challenge across the Western Balkans. Deeply ingrained cultural norms and traditional gender roles can create resistance to changes in language use. In many cases, gender-sensitive language is viewed as unnecessary or even as an imposition from external forces, including the EU. In rural areas, where patriarchal values are often more pronounced, this resistance can be particularly strong.

The media in the Western Balkans also plays a critical role in shaping public attitudes toward gender-sensitive language. While some outlets have adopted more inclusive practices, many continue to use language that reinforces traditional gender stereotypes. Public figures, especially in politics, often neglect to use gender-sensitive language, setting a poor example for broader society.

Aligning with EU Standards

As the Western Balkans move toward EU membership, alignment with EU norms and practices is essential. The EU promotes gender-sensitive language as a key element in ensuring non-discrimination and inclusivity in public communication. The General Secretariat of the Council of the EU underscores the importance of gender-neutral language, not just for political correctness but also for shaping attitudes and perceptions toward gender equality, with the European Parliament particularly committed to reflecting this in all official communications.

For the Western Balkans, adopting similar policies will be crucial, not only to align with EU standards but also to foster greater societal acceptance of gender equality. As these countries aim for EU membership, the European Commission regularly monitors their progress in gender equality as part of the accession process. The inclusion of gender-sensitive language in public communications is likely to be an area of increasing focus.

What Else Needs to be Done?

To foster greater adoption of gender-sensitive language in the Western Balkans, it is essential to strengthen the enforcement of gender equality laws and introduce clear guidelines for public institutions. Governments should implement strategies similar to those used by the European Parliament, ensuring consistent use of inclusive language. Awareness campaigns and collaboration between civil society and international organizations are also vital in shifting public perceptions and overcoming stereotypes.

Furthermore, integrating gender-sensitive language training in schools, universities, and public institutions will promote long-term behavioral changes. Media outlets should be monitored and encouraged to adopt inclusive language practices, as they play a crucial role in shaping societal norms. These steps are critical not only for aligning with EU standards but also for fostering a more equal and inclusive society.

Author: Samija Kujraković, political activist

* The production of this blog was financed by the European Union. Its content is the sole responsibility of the Network of Progressive Initiative and does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.